Calutron.
A calutron (pictured) is a device that separates isotopes of a chemical element by ionizing, accelerating and deflecting them using electric and magnetic fields. A type of sector mass spectrometer, it was developed by Ernest O. Lawrence at the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California as part of the Manhattan Project during World War II, based on his earlier invention, the cyclotron. Calutrons were used to separate the isotopes of uranium on an industrial scale at the Y-12 plant at the Clinton Engineer Works in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The enriched uranium produced was used in the Little Boy atomic bomb employed in the bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Electromagnetic uranium enrichment was abandoned in the early post-war period in favor of the more complicated, but more efficient, gaseous diffusion method, but calutrons remained in use to produce isotopically enriched samples of naturally occurring elements for military, scientific and medical purposes.
Sunday, 4 September 2016
Saturday, 3 September 2016
Wotton (Metropolitan Railway) railway station
Wotton (Metropolitan Railway) railway station.
Wotton railway station in Buckinghamshire, England, was part of a horse-drawn freight tramway built by Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1871. It served the Duke's home at Wotton House and the nearby village of Wotton Underwood. In 1872 the line was extended to the nearby town of Brill, converted to passenger use, equipped with steam locomotives, and named the Brill Tramway. In the 1880s, the route was taken over by the Metropolitan Railway. Wotton, the Tramway's third busiest passenger station, was also a transit point for large shipments of milk from local farms. In 1933 the Metropolitan Railway became the Metropolitan line of London Transport, making Wotton a station on the London Underground, despite its distance from London. In November 1935 London Transport withdrew all services from the route. The Tramway reverted to the descendants of the Duke of Buckingham, but having no funds and no rolling stock they were unable to operate it. By early April 1936 the line's entire infrastructure, including Wotton station, had been sold for scrap at auction.
Wotton railway station in Buckinghamshire, England, was part of a horse-drawn freight tramway built by Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1871. It served the Duke's home at Wotton House and the nearby village of Wotton Underwood. In 1872 the line was extended to the nearby town of Brill, converted to passenger use, equipped with steam locomotives, and named the Brill Tramway. In the 1880s, the route was taken over by the Metropolitan Railway. Wotton, the Tramway's third busiest passenger station, was also a transit point for large shipments of milk from local farms. In 1933 the Metropolitan Railway became the Metropolitan line of London Transport, making Wotton a station on the London Underground, despite its distance from London. In November 1935 London Transport withdrew all services from the route. The Tramway reverted to the descendants of the Duke of Buckingham, but having no funds and no rolling stock they were unable to operate it. By early April 1936 the line's entire infrastructure, including Wotton station, had been sold for scrap at auction.
Wotton (Metropolitan Railway) railway station
Wotton (Metropolitan Railway) railway station.
Wotton railway station in Buckinghamshire, England, was part of a horse-drawn freight tramway built by Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1871. It served the Duke's home at Wotton House and the nearby village of Wotton Underwood. In 1872 the line was extended to the nearby town of Brill, converted to passenger use, equipped with steam locomotives, and named the Brill Tramway. In the 1880s, the route was taken over by the Metropolitan Railway. Wotton, the Tramway's third busiest passenger station, was also a transit point for large shipments of milk from local farms. In 1933 the Metropolitan Railway became the Metropolitan line of London Transport, making Wotton a station on the London Underground, despite its distance from London. In November 1935 London Transport withdrew all services from the route. The Tramway reverted to the descendants of the Duke of Buckingham, but having no funds and no rolling stock they were unable to operate it. By early April 1936 the line's entire infrastructure, including Wotton station, had been sold for scrap at auction.
Wotton railway station in Buckinghamshire, England, was part of a horse-drawn freight tramway built by Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos in 1871. It served the Duke's home at Wotton House and the nearby village of Wotton Underwood. In 1872 the line was extended to the nearby town of Brill, converted to passenger use, equipped with steam locomotives, and named the Brill Tramway. In the 1880s, the route was taken over by the Metropolitan Railway. Wotton, the Tramway's third busiest passenger station, was also a transit point for large shipments of milk from local farms. In 1933 the Metropolitan Railway became the Metropolitan line of London Transport, making Wotton a station on the London Underground, despite its distance from London. In November 1935 London Transport withdrew all services from the route. The Tramway reverted to the descendants of the Duke of Buckingham, but having no funds and no rolling stock they were unable to operate it. By early April 1936 the line's entire infrastructure, including Wotton station, had been sold for scrap at auction.
Friday, 2 September 2016
Air Rhodesia Flight 825
Air Rhodesia Flight 825.
Air Rhodesia Flight 825 was a passenger flight that was shot down by the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) on 3 September 1978, during the Rhodesian Bush War. The aircraft, a Vickers Viscount, was flying Air Rhodesia's scheduled service from Victoria Falls to the capital Salisbury, via the resort town of Kariba. Soon after its takeoff, ZIPRA guerrillas launched a Soviet-made Strela 2 surface-to-air missile at the plane. Attempting a belly landing in a cotton field west of Karoi, the plane hit an unseen ditch, cartwheeled, and exploded. Of the 52 passengers and four crew, 38 died in the crash. The insurgents then massacred 10 survivors with automatic gunfire. Joshua Nkomo, the ZIPRA leader, publicly claimed responsibility for the missile attack (but not for the massacre) on the BBC's Today programme the same evening, saying the aircraft had been used for military purposes. Most Rhodesians, black and white, saw the attack as an act of terrorism. Martial law and a fierce white Rhodesian backlash followed, even though few black Rhodesians supported the attack. Five months later, ZIPRA shot down Air Rhodesia Flight 827 in a similar incident.
Air Rhodesia Flight 825 was a passenger flight that was shot down by the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) on 3 September 1978, during the Rhodesian Bush War. The aircraft, a Vickers Viscount, was flying Air Rhodesia's scheduled service from Victoria Falls to the capital Salisbury, via the resort town of Kariba. Soon after its takeoff, ZIPRA guerrillas launched a Soviet-made Strela 2 surface-to-air missile at the plane. Attempting a belly landing in a cotton field west of Karoi, the plane hit an unseen ditch, cartwheeled, and exploded. Of the 52 passengers and four crew, 38 died in the crash. The insurgents then massacred 10 survivors with automatic gunfire. Joshua Nkomo, the ZIPRA leader, publicly claimed responsibility for the missile attack (but not for the massacre) on the BBC's Today programme the same evening, saying the aircraft had been used for military purposes. Most Rhodesians, black and white, saw the attack as an act of terrorism. Martial law and a fierce white Rhodesian backlash followed, even though few black Rhodesians supported the attack. Five months later, ZIPRA shot down Air Rhodesia Flight 827 in a similar incident.
Air Rhodesia Flight 825
Air Rhodesia Flight 825.
Air Rhodesia Flight 825 was a passenger flight that was shot down by the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) on 3 September 1978, during the Rhodesian Bush War. The aircraft, a Vickers Viscount, was flying Air Rhodesia's scheduled service from Victoria Falls to the capital Salisbury, via the resort town of Kariba. Soon after its takeoff, ZIPRA guerrillas launched a Soviet-made Strela 2 surface-to-air missile at the plane. Attempting a belly landing in a cotton field west of Karoi, the plane hit an unseen ditch, cartwheeled, and exploded. Of the 52 passengers and four crew, 38 died in the crash. The insurgents then massacred 10 survivors with automatic gunfire. Joshua Nkomo, the ZIPRA leader, publicly claimed responsibility for the missile attack (but not for the massacre) on the BBC's Today programme the same evening, saying the aircraft had been used for military purposes. Most Rhodesians, black and white, saw the attack as an act of terrorism. Martial law and a fierce white Rhodesian backlash followed, even though few black Rhodesians supported the attack. Five months later, ZIPRA shot down Air Rhodesia Flight 827 in a similar incident.
Air Rhodesia Flight 825 was a passenger flight that was shot down by the Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) on 3 September 1978, during the Rhodesian Bush War. The aircraft, a Vickers Viscount, was flying Air Rhodesia's scheduled service from Victoria Falls to the capital Salisbury, via the resort town of Kariba. Soon after its takeoff, ZIPRA guerrillas launched a Soviet-made Strela 2 surface-to-air missile at the plane. Attempting a belly landing in a cotton field west of Karoi, the plane hit an unseen ditch, cartwheeled, and exploded. Of the 52 passengers and four crew, 38 died in the crash. The insurgents then massacred 10 survivors with automatic gunfire. Joshua Nkomo, the ZIPRA leader, publicly claimed responsibility for the missile attack (but not for the massacre) on the BBC's Today programme the same evening, saying the aircraft had been used for military purposes. Most Rhodesians, black and white, saw the attack as an act of terrorism. Martial law and a fierce white Rhodesian backlash followed, even though few black Rhodesians supported the attack. Five months later, ZIPRA shot down Air Rhodesia Flight 827 in a similar incident.
Thursday, 1 September 2016
Hotel Chevalier
Hotel Chevalier.
Hotel Chevalier is a 2007 short film written and directed by Wes Anderson, starring Jason Schwartzman and Natalie Portman as former lovers who reunite in a Paris hotel room. The 13-minute film acts as a prologue to Anderson's 2007 feature film The Darjeeling Limited, in which a man (played by Adrien Brody) reunites with his brothers (Owen Wilson and Schwartzman) in India after the death of their father. Hotel Chevalier was shot on location in a Parisian hotel by a small crew and self-financed by Anderson, who initially intended it as a stand-alone work. Its first showing was at the Venice Film Festival première of the feature film on September 2, 2007, and it made its own debut later that month at Apple Stores in four American cities. The day after its première, it was made available for free from the iTunes Store for one month, during which it was downloaded more than 500,000 times. The film garnered near-universal critical acclaim from reviewers who compared it favorably with The Darjeeling Limited and praised its richness, poignancy, and careful construction.
Hotel Chevalier is a 2007 short film written and directed by Wes Anderson, starring Jason Schwartzman and Natalie Portman as former lovers who reunite in a Paris hotel room. The 13-minute film acts as a prologue to Anderson's 2007 feature film The Darjeeling Limited, in which a man (played by Adrien Brody) reunites with his brothers (Owen Wilson and Schwartzman) in India after the death of their father. Hotel Chevalier was shot on location in a Parisian hotel by a small crew and self-financed by Anderson, who initially intended it as a stand-alone work. Its first showing was at the Venice Film Festival première of the feature film on September 2, 2007, and it made its own debut later that month at Apple Stores in four American cities. The day after its première, it was made available for free from the iTunes Store for one month, during which it was downloaded more than 500,000 times. The film garnered near-universal critical acclaim from reviewers who compared it favorably with The Darjeeling Limited and praised its richness, poignancy, and careful construction.
Hotel Chevalier
Hotel Chevalier.
Hotel Chevalier is a 2007 short film written and directed by Wes Anderson, starring Jason Schwartzman and Natalie Portman as former lovers who reunite in a Paris hotel room. The 13-minute film acts as a prologue to Anderson's 2007 feature film The Darjeeling Limited, in which a man (played by Adrien Brody) reunites with his brothers (Owen Wilson and Schwartzman) in India after the death of their father. Hotel Chevalier was shot on location in a Parisian hotel by a small crew and self-financed by Anderson, who initially intended it as a stand-alone work. Its first showing was at the Venice Film Festival première of the feature film on September 2, 2007, and it made its own debut later that month at Apple Stores in four American cities. The day after its première, it was made available for free from the iTunes Store for one month, during which it was downloaded more than 500,000 times. The film garnered near-universal critical acclaim from reviewers who compared it favorably with The Darjeeling Limited and praised its richness, poignancy, and careful construction.
Hotel Chevalier is a 2007 short film written and directed by Wes Anderson, starring Jason Schwartzman and Natalie Portman as former lovers who reunite in a Paris hotel room. The 13-minute film acts as a prologue to Anderson's 2007 feature film The Darjeeling Limited, in which a man (played by Adrien Brody) reunites with his brothers (Owen Wilson and Schwartzman) in India after the death of their father. Hotel Chevalier was shot on location in a Parisian hotel by a small crew and self-financed by Anderson, who initially intended it as a stand-alone work. Its first showing was at the Venice Film Festival première of the feature film on September 2, 2007, and it made its own debut later that month at Apple Stores in four American cities. The day after its première, it was made available for free from the iTunes Store for one month, during which it was downloaded more than 500,000 times. The film garnered near-universal critical acclaim from reviewers who compared it favorably with The Darjeeling Limited and praised its richness, poignancy, and careful construction.
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